1968年美国GM(通用汽车)公司提出取代继电器控制装置的要求,第二年美国数字公司研制出了第一代可编程序控制器,满足了GM公司装配线的要求。随着集成电路技术和计算机技术的发展,现在已有第五代PLC产品了。
在以改变几何形状和机械性能为特征的制造工业和以物理变化和化学变化将原料转化成产品为特征的过程工业中,除了以连续量为主的反馈控制外,特别在制造工业中存在了大量的开关量为主的开环的顺序控制,它按照逻辑条件进行顺序动作号按照时序动作;另外还有与顺序、时序无关的按照逻辑关系进行连锁保护动作的控制;以及大量的开关量、脉冲量、计时、计数器、模拟量的越限报警等状态量为主的—离散量的数据采集监视。由于这些控制和监视的要求,所以PLC发展成了取代继电器线路和进行顺序控制为主的产品。在多年的生产实践中,逐渐形成了PLC、DCS与IPC三足鼎立之势,还有其它的单回路智能式调节器等在市场上占一定的百分比。
在80年代至90年代中期,是PLC发展最快的时期,年增长率一直保持为30~40%。由于PLC机联系处理模拟能力和网络方面功能的进步,挤占了一部分DCS的市场(过程控制)并逐渐垄断了污水处理等行业,但是由于工业PC(IPC)的出现,特别是近年来现场总线技术的发展,IPC和FCS也挤占了一部分PLC市场,所以近年来PLC增长速度,总的说是渐缓。目前全世界有200多厂家生产300多品种PLC产品,主要应用在汽车(23%)、粮食加工(16.4%)、化学/制药(14.6%)、金属/矿山(11.5%)、纸浆/造纸(11.3%)等行业。
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